burning mouth and tongue

3 min read 08-03-2025

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and burning tongue are common conditions causing a persistent burning sensation in the mouth and/or tongue. This sensation can range from mild discomfort to intense pain, significantly impacting quality of life. While the exact cause often remains elusive, understanding the potential triggers and available treatments is crucial for managing this condition.

Understanding the Burning Sensation

The burning sensation in BMS and burning tongue isn't caused by an obvious physical injury or infection. Instead, it's a neuropathic pain, meaning the pain originates from damaged or malfunctioning nerves in the mouth. This damage can disrupt the way the nerves transmit signals, leading to persistent burning. The burning can affect the entire mouth, tongue, lips, or specific areas.

Symptoms of Burning Mouth and Tongue

The primary symptom is a persistent burning sensation. This may be accompanied by other symptoms such as:

Dry mouth (xerostomia): Reduced saliva production can exacerbate the burning feeling.
Changes in taste: A metallic taste or altered taste perception is common.
Soreness or redness: While not always present, some individuals experience soreness or redness in the affected area.
Numbness or tingling: These sensations can accompany the burning.

What Causes Burning Mouth Syndrome and Burning Tongue?

Pinpointing the exact cause is often challenging. However, several factors are strongly linked to the development of these conditions:

Hormonal changes: Menopause is a significant risk factor, likely due to decreased estrogen levels. Fluctuations in other hormones may also play a role.
Nutritional deficiencies: Inadequate intake of certain vitamins and minerals (like B vitamins) can contribute to nerve damage.
Allergies or sensitivities: Reactions to foods, medications, or dental products may trigger or exacerbate the burning.
Dental appliances: Ill-fitting dentures or other oral appliances can irritate nerves.
Underlying medical conditions: Conditions like diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and anxiety can sometimes be linked to BMS.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus can sometimes irritate the mouth.
Mouth dryness: Certain medications, autoimmune diseases and age-related changes can cause dry mouth and increase the likelihood of experiencing BMS.

Is it something serious?

While burning mouth and tongue isn't usually a sign of a serious underlying disease, it's important to consult a doctor or dentist. They can rule out other conditions and recommend appropriate management strategies. In most cases, the burning sensation is not life-threatening.

Diagnosing Burning Mouth Syndrome

A dentist or doctor will conduct a thorough oral examination to rule out other conditions like oral thrush (candidiasis), lichen planus, or other infections. They might also take a medical history, focusing on medications, hormonal status, and any other relevant factors. Often, no specific cause is identified, but the diagnosis is made based on the persistent burning sensation and the absence of other explainable causes.

Treatment Options for Burning Mouth Syndrome and Burning Tongue

Treatment focuses on alleviating the symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. Options include:

Medications: Antidepressants (like amitriptyline) or anticonvulsants (like gabapentin) can sometimes help manage the neuropathic pain. Topical anesthetics (like lidocaine) can provide temporary relief. Your doctor will help determine the right medication and dosage.
Lifestyle changes: Managing stress, improving nutrition, and ensuring adequate hydration can be beneficial.
Oral hygiene: Maintaining excellent oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, can help reduce irritation.
Dietary adjustments: Eliminating irritating foods or substances (like acidic foods, spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine) may provide relief.
Saliva substitutes: Artificial saliva can help alleviate dry mouth.
Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage the psychological impact of the condition.

How to Manage the Burning Sensation at Home

Hydrate: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Avoid irritants: Identify and avoid trigger foods and drinks.
Gentle oral care: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoid harsh mouthwashes.
Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.
Balanced diet: Ensure you are getting enough essential nutrients.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience a persistent burning sensation in your mouth or tongue, lasting for more than two weeks, consult a dentist or doctor. They can conduct a proper evaluation and recommend the most suitable course of action. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent the condition from becoming chronic and significantly impacting your quality of life. Don't hesitate to seek professional help. Effective management is possible, and you don't have to suffer in silence.