causes for corns on feet

3 min read 08-03-2025

Corns are hard, painful areas of skin that typically develop on the feet, particularly on the toes and soles. They're a common problem, and understanding their causes is the first step to prevention and treatment. This article will delve into the various factors that contribute to corn formation.

What Causes Corns?

The primary cause of corns is friction and pressure on the skin. This repetitive pressure forces the skin to thicken and harden as a protective mechanism. This thickening is what forms the corn. Let's examine the specific scenarios that lead to this friction and pressure:

1. Ill-fitting Shoes: The Biggest Culprit

Poorly fitting footwear is the most significant contributor to corns. Shoes that are too tight, too narrow, or have high heels put excessive pressure on certain areas of the feet. This constant rubbing and pressure creates the perfect environment for corns to form.

Tight shoes: Constrict toes, leading to pressure points and corns between toes or on the tops of toes.
High heels: Shift weight forward, increasing pressure on the balls of the feet.
Shoes with pointy toes: Crowd the toes, causing friction and pressure.
Open-toed sandals: Can lead to corns on the tops of toes due to rubbing.

2. Bone Deformities: Underlying Structural Issues

Certain foot conditions can increase the risk of corns. These bone deformities often alter the way weight is distributed, leading to increased pressure in specific areas.

Bunions: A bony bump at the base of the big toe, often causing a corn to develop on the side of the big toe.
Hammertoe: A bent toe, usually the second, third, or fourth toe, that often rubs against the shoe, creating a corn on the top or side of the affected toe.
Overlapping toes: When toes overlap, they rub against each other, causing friction and corn development.

3. Activities and Repetitive Movements

Certain activities and movements put added strain on the feet, increasing the likelihood of corn formation. Repetitive actions can exacerbate the friction and pressure from ill-fitting shoes.

Walking or running long distances: Increased pressure on the feet.
Standing for extended periods: Consistent pressure on the feet.
Certain sports: Activities that involve repetitive movements or impact on the feet.

4. Other Contributing Factors

While friction and pressure are the main causes, other factors can increase your susceptibility to corns:

Dry skin: Dry skin is more prone to cracking and thickening, making it more vulnerable to corn formation.
Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to developing corns.
Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes may have reduced sensation in their feet, making them less aware of pressure points and more prone to corn development. This can also lead to slower healing. Always consult a podiatrist if you are diabetic and experience any foot problems.

Types of Corns

Understanding the different types of corns can help you better understand their causes and how to treat them.

Hard corns: These are usually found on the tops and sides of toes, and are hard and well defined. They are caused by direct pressure.
Soft corns: Occur between toes, often in moist areas, and are softer and whiter than hard corns. These are caused by moisture and friction.

Preventing Corns

Prevention is key. By addressing the underlying causes, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing corns:

Wear properly fitting shoes: Choose shoes with enough room for your toes to move comfortably.
Use cushioning pads: These can reduce pressure on specific areas of the feet.
Keep feet dry: Apply moisturizer to prevent dry, cracked skin.
Regular foot care: Inspect your feet regularly for any signs of corns or other problems.

When to See a Doctor

While many corns can be treated at home, consult a podiatrist or doctor if:

Your corn is extremely painful.
You have diabetes or another condition affecting your circulation.
The corn shows signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus).
Home treatments are ineffective.

By understanding the causes of corns and taking preventative measures, you can keep your feet healthy and comfortable. Remember, proper footwear is paramount in preventing this common foot problem.