gonorrhea of the eye

2 min read 20-03-2025

Gonorrhea of the eye, also known as ophthalmia neonatorum, is a serious bacterial infection of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the white part of the eye). It's primarily caused by the bacterium *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* (gonococcus), the same bacteria that causes gonorrhea in the genitals. This infection is especially dangerous in newborns, potentially leading to blindness if left untreated.

Causes of Gonorrheal Eye Infection

In newborns, ophthalmia neonatorum is most commonly contracted during childbirth if the mother has a gonorrheal infection in her cervix or vagina. The bacteria can be transmitted to the baby's eyes as it passes through the birth canal. Less commonly, it can also occur through direct contact with contaminated materials or individuals. In adults, it's usually spread through sexual contact.

Symptoms of Gonorrheal Conjunctivitis

Symptoms typically appear within 2 to 5 days after birth, but can manifest later. These can include:

Purulent (pus-like) discharge from the eye
Swollen eyelids
Redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva
Eye pain or discomfort
Light sensitivity (photophobia)
Blurred vision (in severe cases)

In adults, symptoms are similar, but may be accompanied by symptoms of genital gonorrhea.

Diagnosis of Gonorrheal Eye Infection

Diagnosis involves a physical examination of the eye and taking a sample of the discharge for laboratory testing. This testing can confirm the presence of *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* bacteria. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and preventing complications.

Treatment of Gonorrhea of the Eye

Treatment typically involves intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics, chosen based on the specific strain of bacteria and the patient's overall health. Early and aggressive treatment is vital to prevent permanent vision damage or blindness. In newborns, treatment often begins immediately after diagnosis.

Treatment for Newborns

Newborns often receive broad-spectrum antibiotics to ensure coverage against various potential pathogens. Treatment may involve a single dose of ceftriaxone (intramuscularly) and erythromycin (ophthalmic ointment). This combination is often the standard prophylactic treatment immediately after birth, to prevent infections.

Treatment for Adults

Adult treatment strategies differ depending on the severity and the presence of other infections. It usually involves a course of antibiotics, alongside treatment for any associated genital gonorrhea.

Prevention of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Preventing ophthalmia neonatorum is crucial. The most effective prevention method is prophylactic treatment for newborns immediately after birth. This typically involves the application of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment. This is a widespread practice in many countries.

For pregnant women, getting tested and treated for gonorrhea before delivery is essential. Responsible sexual practices and consistent condom use are also crucial in preventing gonorrhea transmission.

Complications of Untreated Gonorrheal Eye Infection

Untreated gonorrheal eye infection can lead to severe complications, including:

Corneal ulceration
Corneal scarring
Permanent vision loss or blindness
Meningitis (rare, but serious)
Sepsis (bloodstream infection)

When to See a Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you or your newborn shows any signs of eye infection, particularly purulent discharge. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing vision-threatening complications.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.