what ammo does the fbi use

2 min read 05-02-2025

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is responsible for investigating a wide range of federal crimes, many of which require the use of firearms. Understanding the ammunition the FBI employs is crucial for understanding their operational capabilities and preparedness. This isn't simply about the caliber; it's about the specific ammunition's design and intended effects.

FBI Ammunition: Caliber and Cartridge Choices

The FBI's choice of ammunition has evolved over time, reflecting advancements in ballistics and tactical considerations. Currently, the primary caliber used by FBI agents is 9mm. This represents a shift from the previously utilized .40 S&W caliber. The decision to switch to 9mm wasn't arbitrary; it was based on extensive testing and analysis.

The Shift to 9mm: Why the Change?

The FBI's switch to 9mm ammunition was driven by several factors:

Increased Capacity: 9mm magazines typically hold more rounds than .40 S&W magazines, providing agents with a greater capacity for self-defense.
Reduced Recoil: The lighter recoil of 9mm allows for faster follow-up shots, crucial in high-stress situations.
Improved Accuracy: Many agents found the 9mm easier to shoot accurately, especially under pressure.
Improved Penetration and Wound Cavitation: Modern 9mm ammunition offers improved penetration and wound cavitation capabilities, comparable to or exceeding .40 S&W rounds. This is a crucial aspect of stopping power.

Specific Ammunition Types

While the 9mm is the standard, the precise type of ammunition used can vary depending on the specific situation and agent's needs. The FBI likely utilizes a variety of 9mm ammunition types, including:

Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): Typically used for training or situations where overpenetration is a concern.
Hollow Point (HP): Designed to expand upon impact, maximizing stopping power and minimizing overpenetration. This is likely the most commonly used round in operational settings.
Frangible Ammunition: This type of ammunition disintegrates upon impact, reducing the risk of ricochets and overpenetration in confined spaces. This is especially useful in hostage situations or densely populated areas.

Beyond the Handgun: Other FBI Ammunition Considerations

The FBI's arsenal extends beyond handguns. Agents also utilize rifles, shotguns, and other weaponry, each with its own specific ammunition requirements:

Rifles and Shotguns:

The FBI employs various rifles and shotguns, utilizing ammunition appropriate for each weapon system. This might include:

Rifle Ammunition: Calibers such as 5.56x45mm NATO (.223 Remington) and 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 Winchester) are likely used.
Shotgun Ammunition: A range of shotgun rounds, including buckshot and less-lethal options like beanbag rounds, are likely employed depending on the situation.

Less-Lethal Options:

The FBI also utilizes less-lethal options to subdue suspects without causing serious injury. This includes:

Rubber Bullets: These rounds are designed to incapacitate with blunt force trauma.
Beanbag Rounds: Similar to rubber bullets, but using cloth bags filled with lead shot or other materials.
Pepper Spray: A common less-lethal option used for crowd control or subduing individuals.

Conclusion: A Dynamic Approach to Ammunition Selection

The FBI's ammunition selection isn't static; it's a constantly evolving process informed by ongoing research, advancements in ballistics technology, and real-world operational experience. The agency prioritizes selecting ammunition that provides the optimal balance of stopping power, accuracy, and safety for agents and civilians. While the specifics of the FBI's exact ammunition inventory remain confidential for security reasons, the information above provides a reasonable and well-researched overview of the types of ammunition used by Federal agents. The focus is always on ensuring the safety of agents and the public while effectively neutralizing threats.