what does a lymph node look like

3 min read 08-03-2025

Meta Description: Discover what lymph nodes look and feel like, both normal and when swollen. Learn about their location, function, and when to see a doctor about a lump. This comprehensive guide provides images and explains common causes of lymph node changes.

Lymph nodes, also known as lymph glands, are small, bean-shaped organs that are part of the body's immune system. They play a crucial role in fighting off infections and diseases. Understanding what a lymph node looks like, both in its normal state and when it's swollen, can help you recognize potential health issues.

What Do Normal Lymph Nodes Look Like and Feel Like?

Typically, you can't see or feel healthy lymph nodes. They're tiny, ranging in size from a pinhead to a pea. They're usually located deep within the body, nestled amongst muscles and tissues. However, some lymph nodes are located superficially, meaning they are closer to the skin's surface.

Where Are Superficial Lymph Nodes Located?

You might be able to feel some lymph nodes in certain areas, such as:

Neck: Along the sides of your neck.
Armpits (axillae): Under your arms.
Groin (inguinal): In your inner thighs.

When you feel these areas, you should only feel smooth skin. If you feel a small, round or oval-shaped lump, it might be a lymph node, but only a doctor can confirm. A healthy lymph node will usually feel:

Small: Less than 1 centimeter (about 1/2 inch) in diameter.
Mobile: It should move easily under your skin.
Non-tender: It shouldn't be painful to the touch.

What Do Swollen Lymph Nodes Look Like?

Swollen lymph nodes, also known as lymphadenopathy, can be a sign of infection or other medical conditions. When lymph nodes swell, they may become:

Larger: Noticeably bigger than usual, sometimes reaching several centimeters.
Firm or Hard: Less mobile, and possibly more difficult to move.
Tender: Painful to the touch.
Visible: In some cases, swollen lymph nodes become visible as lumps under the skin.

Image: [Insert an image here showing a visual representation of swollen vs. normal lymph nodes. Clearly label each]

The appearance of a swollen lymph node can vary depending on the underlying cause. For example, a swollen lymph node caused by a bacterial infection might be warm, red, and tender, while one associated with cancer may be firm, painless, and non-mobile.

Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes

Several factors can lead to swollen lymph nodes, including:

Infections: This is the most common cause. Viral infections (like the common cold or flu) and bacterial infections (like strep throat) can cause the lymph nodes to swell as your body fights off the infection.
Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can cause inflammation and swelling in the lymph nodes.
Cancer: In rare cases, swollen lymph nodes can be a sign of lymphoma or other cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes.
Other conditions: Certain medications, allergic reactions, and other less common conditions can also cause swollen lymph nodes.

When to See a Doctor

While swollen lymph nodes are often a sign of a minor infection, it’s crucial to consult a doctor if you notice:

Persistently swollen lymph nodes: Swelling that lasts for more than two weeks.
Rapidly enlarging lymph nodes: A sudden and significant increase in size.
Painful, hard, or fixed lymph nodes: Nodes that are difficult to move, are very hard, and/or are painful.
Lymph nodes accompanied by other symptoms: Fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, or fatigue.

A doctor can perform a physical examination and possibly order tests, such as blood tests or imaging scans (like ultrasound or CT scan), to determine the cause of the swollen lymph nodes and recommend appropriate treatment.

Conclusion

Understanding what a lymph node looks like and when changes warrant medical attention is crucial for maintaining your health. While most swollen lymph nodes are due to benign infections, persistently swollen, painful, or unusually firm nodes require prompt medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Remember, early detection is key to effective treatment. If you are concerned about a lump or swelling, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance.