what is a normal ejection fraction

2 min read 14-03-2025

Your heart is a tireless worker, constantly pumping blood throughout your body. A key measure of its efficiency is the ejection fraction (EF), a vital indicator of heart health. This article will explain what a normal ejection fraction is, what factors influence it, and what you should know if your EF is outside the normal range.

What is Ejection Fraction (EF)?

Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood your heart pumps out of the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) with each contraction. It's a critical indicator of how well your heart is functioning. A healthy heart efficiently pumps a large percentage of blood with each beat.

What is Considered a Normal Ejection Fraction?

A normal ejection fraction generally ranges from 55% to 70%. Anything below 55% is considered low, and values above 70% are less common and may warrant further investigation depending on the individual and associated symptoms. However, the precise "normal" range can vary slightly depending on the measurement method and individual factors. It's crucial to discuss your specific EF with your doctor for accurate interpretation.

Understanding Low Ejection Fraction

A low ejection fraction (HFrEF - Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) signifies that your heart isn't pumping blood as effectively as it should. This can lead to various symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Several conditions can cause a low EF, including:

Coronary artery disease: Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the heart muscle.
Heart attack: Damage to the heart muscle impairs its pumping ability.
Heart valve problems: Faulty valves disrupt the normal flow of blood.
Cardiomyopathy: Diseases that weaken or thicken the heart muscle.

Understanding High Ejection Fraction

While less common, a high ejection fraction (HFpEF - Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) can sometimes indicate a problem. A high EF doesn't always mean a strong, healthy heart. It might suggest that the heart is working too hard to compensate for another issue, such as high blood pressure or stiff heart muscle.

How is Ejection Fraction Measured?

Ejection fraction is most commonly measured using an echocardiogram (echo). This non-invasive test uses ultrasound waves to create images of your heart. Other methods include cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and radionuclide ventriculography. Your doctor will determine the best method based on your individual needs and medical history.

What Influences Ejection Fraction?

Several factors can influence ejection fraction, including:

Age: EF tends to decrease slightly with age.
Gender: There can be slight variations between men and women.
Underlying health conditions: Heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes can all impact EF.
Medications: Certain medications can affect heart function and EF.
Physical activity: Regular exercise generally improves heart health and may improve EF.

What Should I Do if My Ejection Fraction is Abnormal?

If your ejection fraction is outside the normal range, don't panic. It's crucial to discuss your results with your doctor. They can help you understand the implications, identify any underlying causes, and develop a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or, in some cases, surgery.

Conclusion: Knowing Your Ejection Fraction is Key to Heart Health

Understanding your ejection fraction is a significant step in maintaining heart health. While a normal ejection fraction (55-70%) indicates good heart function, it's essential to remember that this is just one aspect of overall cardiovascular health. Regular checkups, a healthy lifestyle, and open communication with your doctor are vital in ensuring the long-term health of your heart. Remember to consult your physician for personalized advice and interpretation of your EF results. They can provide guidance on necessary lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions if needed.