what is azelaic acid used for

3 min read 08-03-2025

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in grains like wheat, rye, and barley. However, its use in skincare has made it a popular ingredient for various skin concerns. This article delves into the multifaceted uses of azelaic acid, exploring its benefits and how it can improve your skin's health.

What is Azelaic Acid and How Does it Work?

Azelaic acid is a powerful topical treatment that works in several ways to improve skin health. It's known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Specifically, it:

Reduces inflammation: Azelaic acid helps calm irritated skin, reducing redness and swelling associated with various skin conditions.
Kills bacteria: Its antimicrobial action targets Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), a bacteria linked to acne.
Exfoliates the skin: It gently removes dead skin cells, unclogging pores and preventing breakouts.
Lightens hyperpigmentation: Azelaic acid inhibits the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin discoloration. This makes it effective in treating melasma, sunspots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).

What Skin Conditions is Azelaic Acid Used To Treat?

Azelaic acid's versatility makes it a valuable addition to many skincare routines. Here are some key applications:

1. Acne Treatment

Azelaic acid is a highly effective treatment for acne, especially mild to moderate cases. Its ability to kill acne-causing bacteria and exfoliate the skin helps prevent future breakouts. It's often recommended for those with inflammatory acne, characterized by redness and swelling.

2. Rosacea Treatment

Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, often presents with redness, bumps, and visible blood vessels. Azelaic acid's anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce redness and improve the overall appearance of rosacea-affected skin. It can be particularly beneficial for papulopustular rosacea, characterized by pimples and pustules.

3. Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Whether it's melasma, sunspots, or PIH, azelaic acid can significantly lighten dark spots. Its ability to inhibit melanin production leads to a more even skin tone over time. It's gentler than some other hyperpigmentation treatments, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

4. Perioral Dermatitis Treatment

Perioral dermatitis is a skin condition causing a rash around the mouth. Azelaic acid's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it an effective treatment option for this condition.

How to Use Azelaic Acid

Azelaic acid is typically available as a cream or gel. Follow the instructions provided by your doctor or on the product label. Generally, it's applied once or twice daily to the affected areas after cleansing the skin.

Important Note: Always start with a low concentration and gradually increase it as tolerated. Some individuals may experience mild side effects such as redness, dryness, or peeling. If these side effects are severe, consult a dermatologist.

Azelaic Acid vs. Other Treatments

Azelaic acid offers a gentler approach compared to some other acne or hyperpigmentation treatments. Unlike retinoids, which can cause significant irritation, azelaic acid is generally well-tolerated. However, its effectiveness might be slower compared to more potent treatments.

Frequently Asked Questions about Azelaic Acid

Q: Can I use azelaic acid with other skincare products?

A: Generally, yes, but it's best to introduce it gradually to assess tolerance. Avoid using it with highly exfoliating products simultaneously, as it can increase the risk of irritation. Consult a dermatologist if you are unsure.

Q: How long does it take to see results with azelaic acid?

A: Results vary depending on the individual and the condition being treated. You may see improvements in a few weeks, but consistent use is key for optimal results. Significant improvements may take several months.

Q: Is azelaic acid safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women?

A: There is limited research on the safety of azelaic acid during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is best to consult your doctor before using it.

Conclusion

Azelaic acid is a versatile and effective skincare ingredient with a broad range of applications. Its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and exfoliating properties make it beneficial for various skin conditions. However, always consult a dermatologist to determine if azelaic acid is right for you and to discuss potential side effects and interactions with other medications or skincare products. Remember, consistent use and patience are key to achieving optimal results with azelaic acid.